Discuss how the Qing dynasty worked to create a "multiethnic state".
Was this the first time in Chinese history when different groups of peoples were incorporated into the Chinese state? If no, what is significant about this period? (Consider the early expansion of China southward during the Han dynasty, the multiple groups ruling in China between the Han and Tang dynasties, and the relationship between the Tang dynasty and peoples in the area of Chang An (today, Xian), the Tang capital.)
What were the implications of this "multiethnic state" for China in the 20th century when it worked to create a "national identity" as a "modern" state?
What are the implications for China in the 21st century?