| Time Period |
North (Major City: Hanoi) |
Central (Major City: Hue) |
South (Major City: Ho Chi Minh
City, formerly Saigon) |
| 4000 BCE-1000 BCE |
ca. 3000 BCE |
|
|
| |
Phung Nguyen culture |
|
|
| |
ca. 1200 BCE |
|
|
| |
Development of irrigated rice cultivation |
|
|
| 1000 BCE-300 CE |
ca. 500 BCE |
|
| |
Dongson culture |
Xa Huynh culture |
|
| |
ca. 200 BCE |
|
|
| |
Kingdom of Nan Yue encompasses northern
area of Vietnam along with what are today the two southern Chinese
provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi |
|
|
| |
ca. 111 BCE |
| |
China’s Han dynasty emperor Han Wudi conquers
Nan Yue and divides it into provinces;
northern area of Vietnam called "Chiao Chih" |
|
Funan major outpost of sea trade; Indian influence
strong |
| |
40 CE |
|
|
| |
Trung sisters lead revolt against Chinese
domination trying to expel the Chinese but fail. (Their exploits and
courage are legendary; Trung Nhac and Trung Nhi were daughters of a
local Lac lord; they are believed to have committed suicide rather
than submit to the Chinese.) |
|
|
| |
1st centuries CE |
192 CE |
|
| |
Buddhism enters Chiao Chih from both India
and China. |
Lin Yi establishes Cham kingdom
around Hue |
|
| 300 CE-600 CE |
Contact with India;
spread of Buddhism |
|
|
| |
570 CE |
|
|
| |
Ly Phat Tu (Son of the Buddha) establishes
local power |
|
|
| 600-1000 |
617 CE |
|
|
| |
Tang dynasty established in China; later
sets up Protectorate of An Nan ("Annam" in Vietnamese) |
|
|
| |
939 CE |
| |
Ngo Quyen defeats a Chinese force and ends
Chinese political domination |
Champa kingdom |
Khmer (Cambodian) kingdom of
Angkor |
| 1000-1450 |
1010-1225, Ly dynasty
"1st Golden Age" |
|
|
| |
Ly dynasty of the Viets established
in area called Dai Viet;
capital Thang-long ("Emergent Dragon"),
today "Hanoi"
Great Buddhist epoch:
• First university established
• Water puppets emerge as dramatic
form
• Temple of Literature founded (1070)
• Chu Nom, a set of characters used to write
Vietnamese, developed by the Vietnamese
|
|
|
| |
1225-1400 |
|
|
| |
Tran dynasty of Chinese descent replaces
the Ly;
scholars of classical Chinese learning (Confucianism)
and Buddhism of Chinese style brought to capital of Thang-long |
|
|
| |
1280s |
|
|
| |
Mongol invasions repelled |
|
|
| |
|
1306 |
|
| |
|
Tran princess marries Champa
ruler in Hue; marriage politics |
|
| |
1407-1427 |
|
|
| |
Ming dynasty occupation of Dai Viet |
|
|
| 1450-1750 |
1428-1527, Le dynasty; "2nd
Golden Age" in Dai Viet |
|
| |
• Le Loi and Nguyen Trai lead revolt
against the Ming (1418-28);
• Independent dynasty established; Confucian-style state
with examinations;
• attack on Champa;
• Le Thanh-tong, king who implements
changes |
Viets destroy kingdom of Champa |
|
| |
1528-1771, Three families
vie for power |
|
| |
• Le family power declines
• Mac and
Trinh families compete in north while Nguyen family competes
from center and south
• Trinh and Nguyen claim to restore the
Le |
Nguyen compete |
|
| |
1539-1786 |
|
|
| |
Trinh lords |
1558-1578 |
|
| |
Nguyen lords (also extend
Viet influence over Khmer to south);
Civil war between Trinh and Nguyen
|
|
| 1750-1919 |
Tale of Kieu (epic poem in Chu
Nom, Vietnamese characters), written by Nguyen
Du (1765-1820)
|
|
|
| |
|
1771-1802 |
|
| |
|
Tay Son Rebellion |
|
| |
Tay Son brothers defeat Nguyen
and Trinh and unify country |
|
| |
1802-1945, Nguyen dynasty
unites entire country |
| |
• established by Nguyen
Anh, a southern prince, who fought and defeated the Tay
Son to become the Gia-long Emperor; moved the capital to
Hue in
the center of the country.
• the second Nguyen ruler adopts a
Chinese bureaucratic model, with scholar-officials chosen by
examinations in the Confucian classics. |
| |
1862-1945, French control
Vietnam, dividing it into three "pays" (countries) |
| |
Tonkin |
Annam |
Cochin-China |
| |
• Hanoi is capital
of French Indochina, including Laos and Cambodia
• Romanized script, "Quoc
ngu," developed in the 17th century by missionaries
to write Vietnamese language, is made official; literacy
rate increases |
| 1900-1945 |
1802-1945, Nguyen dynasty
unites entire country |
| |
• established by Nguyen
Anh, a southern prince, who fought and defeated the Tay
Son to become the Gia-long Emperor; moved the capital to
Hue in
the center of the country.
• the second Nguyen ruler adopts a
Chinese bureaucratic model, with scholar-officials chosen by
examinations in the Confucian classics. |
| |
1862-1945, French control
Vietnam, dividing it into three "pays" (countries) |
| |
Tonkin |
Annam |
Cochin-China |
| |
• Hanoi is capital
of French Indochina, including Laos and Cambodia
• Romanized script, “Quoc
ngu,” developed in the 17th century by missionaries
to write Vietnamese language, is made official; literacy
rate increases |
| |
|
1908 |
|
| |
|
Tax revolt in Annam |
|
| |
1925 |
|
|
| |
• Phan Chu Trinh dies
• Phan
Boi Chau on trial
• Student activism begins |
|
|
| |
1930 |
|
|
| |
Indochinese Communist Party formed by
Ho Chi Minh to oppose colonial rule
|
|
|
| |
1940-1945,
Japanese Invasion and domination |
| |
1941: League for the Independence of Vietnam formed
by Ho Chi Minh ("Viet Minh") |
|
|
| 1945-2000 |
1945, Japanese
defeat |
| |
Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam independent;
Establishes government in the north |
French return after Japanese
defeat;
United States and Britain support the French |
| |
1954 |
| |
• French defeated at
Dien Bien Phu;
• Ho Chi Minh takes control of the north;
• Geneva conference;
• Vietnam divided into North and South;
• elections proposed for 1956 but never
held. |
| |
1956-1975, Vietnam
War |
| |
1965: United States
involvement in South Vietnam replaces that of the French |
| |
1968: Tet offensive |
| |
1975, United States and all
foreign support leave Vietnam |
| |
• North Vietnam takes
control of South Vietnam and establishes a unified country
• Name
of Saigon changed to "Ho Chi Minh City," after
Ho, who died before country united |
| Consultant: John F. Whitmore, Adjunct Associate Professor of History, University of Michigan |
