• Vietnam [Asia Society]
"A short essay on Vietnam's geopolitical history, from pre-civilization times to the 20th century."

• Vietnam: What's in a Name? [Asia Society]
A short essay about the "many names and identities" Vietnam has had over the centuries.

• History of Vietnam: Vietnamese Independence (950-1859) [Windows on Asia, Michigan State University]
"Lê Lo, a member of the large and wealthy Lê family organized the Lam Son uprising against Chinese rule in 1418. After his victory in 1428, Lê Loi declared himself emperor beginning the Later Lê Dynasty (1428-1788), which became the longest lived dynasty in Vietnamese history."

• Southeast Asia, 1800-1900 A.D. [Timeline of Art History, The Metropolitan Museum of Art]
"Over the course of the nineteenth century, Southeast Asia is colonized by Britain, France, and Holland. In 1799, the Dutch government takes over the Dutch East India Company's rule of parts of the Indonesian archipelago. ... By strengthening central authority over local chiefs and opening trade to Europe, Thailand remains free under a stable and strong monarchy. But France colonizes Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia to proclaim the French Indochina Union in 1887." With a period overview, list of key events, and ten related artworks.

See Michigan State University's Windows on Asia for more on the history of other Southeast Asian countries, including Cambodia, Thailand, and Indonesia.

| back to top |

• Southeast Asia, 1800-1900 A.D. [Timeline of Art History, The Metropolitan Museum of Art]
"Over the course of the nineteenth century, Southeast Asia is colonized by Britain, France, and Holland. In 1799, the Dutch government takes over the Dutch East India Company's rule of parts of the Indonesian archipelago. ... By strengthening central authority over local chiefs and opening trade to Europe, Thailand remains free under a stable and strong monarchy. But France colonizes Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia to proclaim the French Indochina Union in 1887." With a period overview, list of key events, and ten related artworks.

• Southeast Asia, 1900 A.D.-present [Timeline of Art History, The Metropolitan Museum of Art]
"Most of Southeast Asia continues to be colonized during the first half of the twentieth century: Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos by the French; Malaysia and Myanmar (Burma) by the British; Indonesia by the Dutch; and the Philippines by the United States. Only Thailand remains independent." With a period overview, list of key events, and seven related artworks.

• History of Vietnam: French Colonization (1874-1954) [Windows on Asia, Michigan State University]
"Although French colonization officially started in 1874, the French and other Europeans had as early as 1516. Portuguese ships bringing missionaries and traders were the first to arrive in Vietnam; French missionaries came in the 18th century. British, and French entrepreneurs also attempted to set up businesses and trade arrangements during the 18th and 19th centuries, concentrating primarily on the Mekong Delta."

See Michigan State University's Windows on Asia for more on the history of other Southeast Asian countries, including Cambodia, Thailand, and Indonesia.

| back to top |

Hoang Cao Khai, 1850-1933; Phan Dinh Phung, 1847-1896
Primary Source w/DBQs • A Late Nineteenth Century Debate: Family vs. Nation, with selections from the letters of Hoang Cao Khai and Phan Dinh Phung [PDF] [Asia for Educators]

| back to top |

Primary Source w/DBQs • Selections from The Nguyen Court's Comments on Scholarship and the Examinations [PDF] [Asia for Educators]

| back to top |

Le Quy Don, 1726-1784
Primary Source w/DBQs • Selections from Le Quy Don's Descriptions of the South in the 1770s [PDF] [Asia for Educators]

| back to top |